Under the CE mark, there are seven or eight separate directives – each with its own test standards. The most common failure is using the wrong standard, especially for wireless products, where RED RF and EMC are two separate frameworks – mixing them up means wasted work.
1. Core Test Items Under the RED Directive
RED 2014/53/EU covers all products with wireless transmission – Bluetooth, Wi‑Fi, 2.4 GHz proprietary protocols. Core tests fall into three blocks.
1.1 RF emission tests – frequency range, Tx power, modulation characteristics, spurious emissions, occupied bandwidth.
·Wi‑Fi/Bluetooth → EN 300 328
·5 GHz DFS devices → EN 301 893
·Wideband transmission → EN 300 440
Multi‑band products must apply multiple standards – not just the primary band.
1.2 Receiver performance – often missed. RED Article 3.2 requires receiver sensitivity and adjacent‑channel selectivity – receivers must be tested, not just transmitters. Poor receiver performance affects real‑world connectivity, but lab testing must cover it.
1.3 RED 3.3(d/e/f) – became mandatory from 1 August 2024. Covers cybersecurity, personal data, and fraud protection. Connected devices must submit security‑design documents, penetration‑test reports, and vulnerability‑management plans. Devices only on a local network (no public‑internet access) do not need full security documentation.
2. EMC Directive Test Items
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU covers electromagnetic compatibility for all electronic equipment.
-Emissions (disturbance) – does your device interfere with others?
·Multimedia → EN 55032
·Household appliances → EN 55014‑1
·Lighting → EN 55015
Conducted: 150 kHz – 30 MHz; radiated: 30 MHz – 6 GHz. Automotive adds CISPR 25 for vehicle‑level testing.
-Immunity – can your device withstand external interference?
·Multimedia → EN 55035 – covers ESD, RF radiated immunity, EFT, surge, conducted immunity.
·Industrial → EN 61000‑6‑2 – stricter immunity levels.
3. LVD Safety Test Items
LVD 2014/35/EU covers 50–1000 V AC / 75–1500 V DC products. IT/AV equipment → EN 62368‑1 – now the mainstream safety standard. Old EN 60950‑1 and EN 60065 are abolished.
Tests: temperature rise, abnormal operation, insulation/withstand, leakage current, earthing impedance, mechanical strength, fire enclosure. High‑power devices add fault‑simulation tests (component short/open circuits).
4. GPSR – General Product Safety Regulation
From 16 June 2024, GPSR (EU) 2023/988 replaced the old GPSD. Requires safety‑risk assessment and technical documentation before market placement, plus full supply‑chain traceability. DPP (Digital Product Passport) will be phased in – consumer goods first from 2027.
Common mistake: bundling GPSR files with RED or EMC documents – GPSR is a separate regulation with its own document system and traceability requirements.
5. Standard Version Updates and Transitions
·EN 300 328 – latest V2.2.2 – now in effect.
·EN 301 893 (5 GHz Wi‑Fi) – updated to V2.1.1.
Old‑version reports may be accepted during the transition period, but new applications must use the current version.
·EN 55032 has been superseded by the EN 55032:2022 series – confirm with your lab.
·EN 55035 remains the current version.
Always confirm the exact standard version with your lab before testing – outdated versions will be rejected by EU notified bodies.
6. Document Retention – Not a Single 10‑Year Rule
RegulationRetention PeriodRED, EMC, LVD, GPSR – technical files + DoC10 yearsCPR (Construction Products)15 yearsMDR (Medical Devices)15–30 years
For CE/RED/EMC certification, contact BlueAsia at 13534225140 (King) or king.guo@cblueasia.com.
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